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/*! scure-base - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
export interface Coder<F, T> {
encode(from: F): T;
decode(to: T): F;
}
export interface BytesCoder extends Coder<Uint8Array, string> {
encode: (data: Uint8Array) => string;
decode: (str: string) => Uint8Array;
}
function isBytes(a: unknown): a is Uint8Array {
return a instanceof Uint8Array || (ArrayBuffer.isView(a) && a.constructor.name === 'Uint8Array');
}
function isArrayOf(isString: boolean, arr: any[]) {
if (!Array.isArray(arr)) return false;
if (arr.length === 0) return true;
if (isString) {
return arr.every((item) => typeof item === 'string');
} else {
return arr.every((item) => Number.isSafeInteger(item));
}
}
// no abytes: seems to have 10% slowdown. Why?!
function afn(input: Function): input is Function {
if (typeof input !== 'function') throw new Error('function expected');
return true;
}
function astr(label: string, input: unknown): input is string {
if (typeof input !== 'string') throw new Error(`${label}: string expected`);
return true;
}
function anumber(n: number): void {
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(n)) throw new Error(`invalid integer: ${n}`);
}
export const assertNumber: typeof anumber = anumber;
function aArr(input: any[]) {
if (!Array.isArray(input)) throw new Error('array expected');
}
function astrArr(label: string, input: string[]) {
if (!isArrayOf(true, input)) throw new Error(`${label}: array of strings expected`);
}
function anumArr(label: string, input: number[]) {
if (!isArrayOf(false, input)) throw new Error(`${label}: array of numbers expected`);
}
// TODO: some recusive type inference so it would check correct order of input/output inside rest?
// like <string, number>, <number, bytes>, <bytes, float>
type Chain = [Coder<any, any>, ...Coder<any, any>[]];
// Extract info from Coder type
type Input<F> = F extends Coder<infer T, any> ? T : never;
type Output<F> = F extends Coder<any, infer T> ? T : never;
// Generic function for arrays
type First<T> = T extends [infer U, ...any[]] ? U : never;
type Last<T> = T extends [...any[], infer U] ? U : never;
type Tail<T> = T extends [any, ...infer U] ? U : never;
type AsChain<C extends Chain, Rest = Tail<C>> = {
// C[K] = Coder<Input<C[K]>, Input<Rest[k]>>
[K in keyof C]: Coder<Input<C[K]>, Input<K extends keyof Rest ? Rest[K] : any>>;
};
/**
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function chain<T extends Chain & AsChain<T>>(...args: T): Coder<Input<First<T>>, Output<Last<T>>> {
const id = (a: any) => a;
// Wrap call in closure so JIT can inline calls
const wrap = (a: any, b: any) => (c: any) => a(b(c));
// Construct chain of args[-1].encode(args[-2].encode([...]))
const encode = args.map((x) => x.encode).reduceRight(wrap, id);
// Construct chain of args[0].decode(args[1].decode(...))
const decode = args.map((x) => x.decode).reduce(wrap, id);
return { encode, decode };
}
/**
* Encodes integer radix representation to array of strings using alphabet and back.
* Could also be array of strings.
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function alphabet(letters: string | string[]): Coder<number[], string[]> {
// mapping 1 to "b"
const lettersA = typeof letters === 'string' ? letters.split('') : letters;
const len = lettersA.length;
astrArr('alphabet', lettersA);
// mapping "b" to 1
const indexes = new Map(lettersA.map((l, i) => [l, i]));
return {
encode: (digits: number[]) => {
aArr(digits);
return digits.map((i) => {
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(i) || i < 0 || i >= len)
throw new Error(
`alphabet.encode: digit index outside alphabet "${i}". Allowed: ${letters}`
);
return lettersA[i]!;
});
},
decode: (input: string[]): number[] => {
aArr(input);
return input.map((letter) => {
astr('alphabet.decode', letter);
const i = indexes.get(letter);
if (i === undefined) throw new Error(`Unknown letter: "${letter}". Allowed: ${letters}`);
return i;
});
},
};
}
/**
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function join(separator = ''): Coder<string[], string> {
astr('join', separator);
return {
encode: (from) => {
astrArr('join.decode', from);
return from.join(separator);
},
decode: (to) => {
astr('join.decode', to);
return to.split(separator);
},
};
}
/**
* Pad strings array so it has integer number of bits
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function padding(bits: number, chr = '='): Coder<string[], string[]> {
anumber(bits);
astr('padding', chr);
return {
encode(data: string[]): string[] {
astrArr('padding.encode', data);
while ((data.length * bits) % 8) data.push(chr);
return data;
},
decode(input: string[]): string[] {
astrArr('padding.decode', input);
let end = input.length;
if ((end * bits) % 8)
throw new Error('padding: invalid, string should have whole number of bytes');
for (; end > 0 && input[end - 1] === chr; end--) {
const last = end - 1;
const byte = last * bits;
if (byte % 8 === 0) throw new Error('padding: invalid, string has too much padding');
}
return input.slice(0, end);
},
};
}
/**
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function normalize<T>(fn: (val: T) => T): Coder<T, T> {
afn(fn);
return { encode: (from: T) => from, decode: (to: T) => fn(to) };
}
/**
* Slow: O(n^2) time complexity
*/
function convertRadix(data: number[], from: number, to: number): number[] {
// base 1 is impossible
if (from < 2) throw new Error(`convertRadix: invalid from=${from}, base cannot be less than 2`);
if (to < 2) throw new Error(`convertRadix: invalid to=${to}, base cannot be less than 2`);
aArr(data);
if (!data.length) return [];
let pos = 0;
const res = [];
const digits = Array.from(data, (d) => {
anumber(d);
if (d < 0 || d >= from) throw new Error(`invalid integer: ${d}`);
return d;
});
const dlen = digits.length;
while (true) {
let carry = 0;
let done = true;
for (let i = pos; i < dlen; i++) {
const digit = digits[i]!;
const fromCarry = from * carry;
const digitBase = fromCarry + digit;
if (
!Number.isSafeInteger(digitBase) ||
fromCarry / from !== carry ||
digitBase - digit !== fromCarry
) {
throw new Error('convertRadix: carry overflow');
}
const div = digitBase / to;
carry = digitBase % to;
const rounded = Math.floor(div);
digits[i] = rounded;
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(rounded) || rounded * to + carry !== digitBase)
throw new Error('convertRadix: carry overflow');
if (!done) continue;
else if (!rounded) pos = i;
else done = false;
}
res.push(carry);
if (done) break;
}
for (let i = 0; i < data.length - 1 && data[i] === 0; i++) res.push(0);
return res.reverse();
}
const gcd = (a: number, b: number): number => (b === 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b));
const radix2carry = /* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__ */ (from: number, to: number) =>
from + (to - gcd(from, to));
const powers: number[] = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => {
let res = [];
for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) res.push(2 ** i);
return res;
})();
/**
* Implemented with numbers, because BigInt is 5x slower
*/
function convertRadix2(data: number[], from: number, to: number, padding: boolean): number[] {
aArr(data);
if (from <= 0 || from > 32) throw new Error(`convertRadix2: wrong from=${from}`);
if (to <= 0 || to > 32) throw new Error(`convertRadix2: wrong to=${to}`);
if (radix2carry(from, to) > 32) {
throw new Error(
`convertRadix2: carry overflow from=${from} to=${to} carryBits=${radix2carry(from, to)}`
);
}
let carry = 0;
let pos = 0; // bitwise position in current element
const max = powers[from]!;
const mask = powers[to]! - 1;
const res: number[] = [];
for (const n of data) {
anumber(n);
if (n >= max) throw new Error(`convertRadix2: invalid data word=${n} from=${from}`);
carry = (carry << from) | n;
if (pos + from > 32) throw new Error(`convertRadix2: carry overflow pos=${pos} from=${from}`);
pos += from;
for (; pos >= to; pos -= to) res.push(((carry >> (pos - to)) & mask) >>> 0);
const pow = powers[pos];
if (pow === undefined) throw new Error('invalid carry');
carry &= pow - 1; // clean carry, otherwise it will cause overflow
}
carry = (carry << (to - pos)) & mask;
if (!padding && pos >= from) throw new Error('Excess padding');
if (!padding && carry > 0) throw new Error(`Non-zero padding: ${carry}`);
if (padding && pos > 0) res.push(carry >>> 0);
return res;
}
/**
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function radix(num: number): Coder<Uint8Array, number[]> {
anumber(num);
const _256 = 2 ** 8;
return {
encode: (bytes: Uint8Array) => {
if (!isBytes(bytes)) throw new Error('radix.encode input should be Uint8Array');
return convertRadix(Array.from(bytes), _256, num);
},
decode: (digits: number[]) => {
anumArr('radix.decode', digits);
return Uint8Array.from(convertRadix(digits, num, _256));
},
};
}
/**
* If both bases are power of same number (like `2**8 <-> 2**64`),
* there is a linear algorithm. For now we have implementation for power-of-two bases only.
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function radix2(bits: number, revPadding = false): Coder<Uint8Array, number[]> {
anumber(bits);
if (bits <= 0 || bits > 32) throw new Error('radix2: bits should be in (0..32]');
if (radix2carry(8, bits) > 32 || radix2carry(bits, 8) > 32)
throw new Error('radix2: carry overflow');
return {
encode: (bytes: Uint8Array) => {
if (!isBytes(bytes)) throw new Error('radix2.encode input should be Uint8Array');
return convertRadix2(Array.from(bytes), 8, bits, !revPadding);
},
decode: (digits: number[]) => {
anumArr('radix2.decode', digits);
return Uint8Array.from(convertRadix2(digits, bits, 8, revPadding));
},
};
}
type ArgumentTypes<F extends Function> = F extends (...args: infer A) => any ? A : never;
function unsafeWrapper<T extends (...args: any) => any>(fn: T) {
afn(fn);
return function (...args: ArgumentTypes<T>): ReturnType<T> | void {
try {
return fn.apply(null, args);
} catch (e) {}
};
}
function checksum(
len: number,
fn: (data: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array
): Coder<Uint8Array, Uint8Array> {
anumber(len);
afn(fn);
return {
encode(data: Uint8Array) {
if (!isBytes(data)) throw new Error('checksum.encode: input should be Uint8Array');
const sum = fn(data).slice(0, len);
const res = new Uint8Array(data.length + len);
res.set(data);
res.set(sum, data.length);
return res;
},
decode(data: Uint8Array) {
if (!isBytes(data)) throw new Error('checksum.decode: input should be Uint8Array');
const payload = data.slice(0, -len);
const oldChecksum = data.slice(-len);
const newChecksum = fn(payload).slice(0, len);
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++)
if (newChecksum[i] !== oldChecksum[i]) throw new Error('Invalid checksum');
return payload;
},
};
}
// prettier-ignore
export const utils: { alphabet: typeof alphabet; chain: typeof chain; checksum: typeof checksum; convertRadix: typeof convertRadix; convertRadix2: typeof convertRadix2; radix: typeof radix; radix2: typeof radix2; join: typeof join; padding: typeof padding; } = {
alphabet, chain, checksum, convertRadix, convertRadix2, radix, radix2, join, padding,
};
// RFC 4648 aka RFC 3548
// ---------------------
/**
* base16 encoding.
*/
export const base16: BytesCoder = chain(radix2(4), alphabet('0123456789ABCDEF'), join(''));
export const base32: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(5),
alphabet('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567'),
padding(5),
join('')
);
export const base32nopad: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(5),
alphabet('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567'),
join('')
);
export const base32hex: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(5),
alphabet('0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV'),
padding(5),
join('')
);
export const base32hexnopad: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(5),
alphabet('0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV'),
join('')
);
export const base32crockford: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(5),
alphabet('0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'),
join(''),
normalize((s: string) => s.toUpperCase().replace(/O/g, '0').replace(/[IL]/g, '1'))
);
/**
* base64 with padding. For no padding, use `base64nopad`.
* @example
* const b = base64.decode('A951'); // Uint8Array.from([ 3, 222, 117 ])
* base64.encode(b); // 'A951'
*/
export const base64: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(6),
alphabet('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'),
padding(6),
join('')
);
/**
* base64 without padding.
*/
export const base64nopad: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(6),
alphabet('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'),
join('')
);
export const base64url: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(6),
alphabet('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_'),
padding(6),
join('')
);
export const base64urlnopad: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(6),
alphabet('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_'),
join('')
);
// base58 code
// -----------
const genBase58 = /* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__ */ (abc: string) =>
chain(radix(58), alphabet(abc), join(''));
/**
* Base58: base64 without characters +, /, 0, O, I, l.
* Quadratic (O(n^2)) - so, can't be used on large inputs.
*/
export const base58: BytesCoder = genBase58(
'123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
);
export const base58flickr: BytesCoder = genBase58(
'123456789abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ'
);
export const base58xrp: BytesCoder = genBase58(
'rpshnaf39wBUDNEGHJKLM4PQRST7VWXYZ2bcdeCg65jkm8oFqi1tuvAxyz'
);
// Data len (index) -> encoded block len
const XMR_BLOCK_LEN = [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11];
/**
* XMR version of base58.
* Done in 8-byte blocks (which equals 11 chars in decoding). Last (non-full) block padded with '1' to size in XMR_BLOCK_LEN.
* Block encoding significantly reduces quadratic complexity of base58.
*/
export const base58xmr: BytesCoder = {
encode(data: Uint8Array) {
let res = '';
for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 8) {
const block = data.subarray(i, i + 8);
res += base58.encode(block).padStart(XMR_BLOCK_LEN[block.length]!, '1');
}
return res;
},
decode(str: string) {
let res: number[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i += 11) {
const slice = str.slice(i, i + 11);
const blockLen = XMR_BLOCK_LEN.indexOf(slice.length);
const block = base58.decode(slice);
for (let j = 0; j < block.length - blockLen; j++) {
if (block[j] !== 0) throw new Error('base58xmr: wrong padding');
}
res = res.concat(Array.from(block.slice(block.length - blockLen)));
}
return Uint8Array.from(res);
},
};
export const createBase58check = (sha256: (data: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array): BytesCoder =>
chain(
checksum(4, (data) => sha256(sha256(data))),
base58
);
/**
* Use `createBase58check` instead.
* @deprecated
*/
export const base58check: (sha256: (data: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array) => BytesCoder =
createBase58check;
// Bech32 code
// -----------
export interface Bech32Decoded<Prefix extends string = string> {
prefix: Prefix;
words: number[];
}
export interface Bech32DecodedWithArray<Prefix extends string = string> {
prefix: Prefix;
words: number[];
bytes: Uint8Array;
}
const BECH_ALPHABET: Coder<number[], string> = chain(
alphabet('qpzry9x8gf2tvdw0s3jn54khce6mua7l'),
join('')
);
const POLYMOD_GENERATORS = [0x3b6a57b2, 0x26508e6d, 0x1ea119fa, 0x3d4233dd, 0x2a1462b3];
function bech32Polymod(pre: number): number {
const b = pre >> 25;
let chk = (pre & 0x1ffffff) << 5;
for (let i = 0; i < POLYMOD_GENERATORS.length; i++) {
if (((b >> i) & 1) === 1) chk ^= POLYMOD_GENERATORS[i]!;
}
return chk;
}
function bechChecksum(prefix: string, words: number[], encodingConst = 1): string {
const len = prefix.length;
let chk = 1;
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
const c = prefix.charCodeAt(i);
if (c < 33 || c > 126) throw new Error(`Invalid prefix (${prefix})`);
chk = bech32Polymod(chk) ^ (c >> 5);
}
chk = bech32Polymod(chk);
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) chk = bech32Polymod(chk) ^ (prefix.charCodeAt(i) & 0x1f);
for (let v of words) chk = bech32Polymod(chk) ^ v;
for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) chk = bech32Polymod(chk);
chk ^= encodingConst;
return BECH_ALPHABET.encode(convertRadix2([chk % powers[30]!], 30, 5, false));
}
export interface Bech32 {
encode<Prefix extends string>(
prefix: Prefix,
words: number[] | Uint8Array,
limit?: number | false
): `${Lowercase<Prefix>}1${string}`;
decode<Prefix extends string>(
str: `${Prefix}1${string}`,
limit?: number | false
): Bech32Decoded<Prefix>;
encodeFromBytes(prefix: string, bytes: Uint8Array): string;
decodeToBytes(str: string): Bech32DecodedWithArray;
decodeUnsafe(str: string, limit?: number | false): void | Bech32Decoded<string>;
fromWords(to: number[]): Uint8Array;
fromWordsUnsafe(to: number[]): void | Uint8Array;
toWords(from: Uint8Array): number[];
}
/**
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
*/
function genBech32(encoding: 'bech32' | 'bech32m'): Bech32 {
const ENCODING_CONST = encoding === 'bech32' ? 1 : 0x2bc830a3;
const _words = radix2(5);
const fromWords = _words.decode;
const toWords = _words.encode;
const fromWordsUnsafe = unsafeWrapper(fromWords);
function encode<Prefix extends string>(
prefix: Prefix,
words: number[] | Uint8Array,
limit: number | false = 90
): `${Lowercase<Prefix>}1${string}` {
astr('bech32.encode prefix', prefix);
if (isBytes(words)) words = Array.from(words);
anumArr('bech32.encode', words);
const plen = prefix.length;
if (plen === 0) throw new TypeError(`Invalid prefix length ${plen}`);
const actualLength = plen + 7 + words.length;
if (limit !== false && actualLength > limit)
throw new TypeError(`Length ${actualLength} exceeds limit ${limit}`);
const lowered = prefix.toLowerCase();
const sum = bechChecksum(lowered, words, ENCODING_CONST);
return `${lowered}1${BECH_ALPHABET.encode(words)}${sum}` as `${Lowercase<Prefix>}1${string}`;
}
function decode<Prefix extends string>(
str: `${Prefix}1${string}`,
limit?: number | false
): Bech32Decoded<Prefix>;
function decode(str: string, limit?: number | false): Bech32Decoded;
function decode(str: string, limit: number | false = 90): Bech32Decoded {
astr('bech32.decode input', str);
const slen = str.length;
if (slen < 8 || (limit !== false && slen > limit))
throw new TypeError(`invalid string length: ${slen} (${str}). Expected (8..${limit})`);
// don't allow mixed case
const lowered = str.toLowerCase();
if (str !== lowered && str !== str.toUpperCase())
throw new Error(`String must be lowercase or uppercase`);
const sepIndex = lowered.lastIndexOf('1');
if (sepIndex === 0 || sepIndex === -1)
throw new Error(`Letter "1" must be present between prefix and data only`);
const prefix = lowered.slice(0, sepIndex);
const data = lowered.slice(sepIndex + 1);
if (data.length < 6) throw new Error('Data must be at least 6 characters long');
const words = BECH_ALPHABET.decode(data).slice(0, -6);
const sum = bechChecksum(prefix, words, ENCODING_CONST);
if (!data.endsWith(sum)) throw new Error(`Invalid checksum in ${str}: expected "${sum}"`);
return { prefix, words };
}
const decodeUnsafe = unsafeWrapper(decode);
function decodeToBytes(str: string): Bech32DecodedWithArray {
const { prefix, words } = decode(str, false);
return { prefix, words, bytes: fromWords(words) };
}
function encodeFromBytes(prefix: string, bytes: Uint8Array) {
return encode(prefix, toWords(bytes));
}
return {
encode,
decode,
encodeFromBytes,
decodeToBytes,
decodeUnsafe,
fromWords,
fromWordsUnsafe,
toWords,
};
}
/**
* Low-level bech32 operations. Operates on words.
*/
export const bech32: Bech32 = genBech32('bech32');
export const bech32m: Bech32 = genBech32('bech32m');
declare const TextEncoder: any;
declare const TextDecoder: any;
/**
* UTF-8-to-byte decoder. Uses built-in TextDecoder / TextEncoder.
* @example
* const b = utf8.decode("hey"); // => new Uint8Array([ 104, 101, 121 ])
* const str = utf8.encode(b); // "hey"
*/
export const utf8: BytesCoder = {
encode: (data) => new TextDecoder().decode(data),
decode: (str) => new TextEncoder().encode(str),
};
/**
* hex string decoder.
* @example
* const b = hex.decode("0102ff"); // => new Uint8Array([ 1, 2, 255 ])
* const str = hex.encode(b); // "0102ff"
*/
export const hex: BytesCoder = chain(
radix2(4),
alphabet('0123456789abcdef'),
join(''),
normalize((s: string) => {
if (typeof s !== 'string' || s.length % 2 !== 0)
throw new TypeError(`hex.decode: expected string, got ${typeof s} with length ${s.length}`);
return s.toLowerCase();
})
);
// prettier-ignore
const CODERS: { utf8: BytesCoder; hex: BytesCoder; base16: BytesCoder; base32: BytesCoder; base64: BytesCoder; base64url: BytesCoder; base58: BytesCoder; base58xmr: BytesCoder; } = {
utf8, hex, base16, base32, base64, base64url, base58, base58xmr
};
type CoderType = keyof typeof CODERS;
const coderTypeError =
'Invalid encoding type. Available types: utf8, hex, base16, base32, base64, base64url, base58, base58xmr';
export const bytesToString = (type: CoderType, bytes: Uint8Array): string => {
if (typeof type !== 'string' || !CODERS.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new TypeError(coderTypeError);
if (!isBytes(bytes)) throw new TypeError('bytesToString() expects Uint8Array');
return CODERS[type].encode(bytes);
};
export const str: (type: CoderType, bytes: Uint8Array) => string = bytesToString; // as in python, but for bytes only
export const stringToBytes = (type: CoderType, str: string): Uint8Array => {
if (!CODERS.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new TypeError(coderTypeError);
if (typeof str !== 'string') throw new TypeError('stringToBytes() expects string');
return CODERS[type].decode(str);
};
export const bytes: (type: CoderType, str: string) => Uint8Array = stringToBytes;
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