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# @ethereumjs/rlp

[![NPM Package][rlp-npm-badge]][rlp-npm-link]
[![GitHub Issues][rlp-issues-badge]][rlp-issues-link]
[![Actions Status][rlp-actions-badge]][rlp-actions-link]
[![Code Coverage][rlp-coverage-badge]][rlp-coverage-link]
[![Discord][discord-badge]][discord-link]

| [Recursive Length Prefix](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp) encoding for Node.js and the browser. |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

## Installation

To obtain the latest version, simply require the project using `npm`:

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/rlp
```

Install with `-g` if you want to use the CLI.

## Usage

```typescript
import assert from 'assert'
import { RLP } from '@ethereumjs/rlp'

const nestedList = [[], [[]], [[], [[]]]]
const encoded = RLP.encode(nestedList)
const decoded = RLP.decode(encoded)
assert.deepEqual(nestedList, decoded)
```

## Browser

With the breaking release round in Summer 2023 we have added hybrid ESM/CJS builds for all our libraries (see section below) and have eliminated many of the caveats which had previously prevented a frictionless browser usage.

It is now easily possible to run a browser build of one of the EthereumJS libraries within a modern browser using the provided ESM build. For a setup example see [./examples/browser.html](./examples/browser.html).

## API

`RLP.encode(plain)` - RLP encodes an `Array`, `Uint8Array` or `String` and returns a `Uint8Array`.

`RLP.decode(encoded, [stream=false])` - Decodes an RLP encoded `Uint8Array`, `Array` or `String` and returns a `Uint8Array` or `NestedUint8Array`. If `stream` is enabled, it will just decode the first rlp sequence in the Uint8Array. By default, it would throw an error if there are more bytes in Uint8Array than used by the rlp sequence.

### Buffer compatibility

If you would like to continue using Buffers like in rlp v2, you can use:

```typescript
import assert from 'assert'
import { arrToBufArr, bufArrToArr } from '@ethereumjs/util'
import { RLP } from '@ethereumjs/rlp'

const bufferList = [Buffer.from('123', 'hex'), Buffer.from('456', 'hex')]
const encoded = RLP.encode(bufArrToArr(bufferList))
const encodedAsBuffer = Buffer.from(encoded)
const decoded = RLP.decode(Uint8Array.from(encodedAsBuffer)) // or RLP.decode(encoded)
const decodedAsBuffers = arrToBufArr(decoded)
assert.deepEqual(bufferList, decodedAsBuffers)
```

### Buffer -> Uint8Arrayy

With the breaking releases from Summer 2023 we have removed all Node.js specific `Buffer` usages from our libraries and replace these with [Uint8Array](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8Array) representations, which are available both in Node.js and the browser (`Buffer` is a subclass of `Uint8Array`).

We have converted existing Buffer conversion methods to Uint8Array conversion methods in the [@ethereumjs/util](https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/tree/master/packages/util) `bytes` module, see the respective README section for guidance.

### BigInt Support

Starting with v4 the usage of [BN.js](https://github.com/indutny/bn.js/) for big numbers has been removed from the library and replaced with the usage of the native JS [BigInt](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt) data type (introduced in `ES2020`).

Please note that number-related API signatures have changed along with this version update and the minimal build target has been updated to `ES2020`.

## CLI

`rlp encode <JSON string>`\
`rlp decode <0x-prefixed hex string>`

### Examples

- `rlp encode '5'` -> `0x05`
- `rlp encode '[5]'` -> `0xc105`
- `rlp encode '["cat", "dog"]'` -> `0xc88363617483646f67`
- `rlp decode 0xc88363617483646f67` -> `["cat","dog"]`

## EthereumJS

See our organizational [documentation](https://ethereumjs.readthedocs.io) for an introduction to `EthereumJS` as well as information on current standards and best practices. If you want to join for work or carry out improvements on the libraries, please review our [contribution guidelines](https://ethereumjs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing.html) first.

## License

[MPL-2.0](<https://tldrlegal.com/license/mozilla-public-license-2.0-(mpl-2)>)

[discord-badge]: https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=discord&label=discord&message=Join&color=blue
[discord-link]: https://discord.gg/TNwARpR
[rlp-npm-badge]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@ethereumjs/rlp.svg
[rlp-npm-link]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@ethereumjs/rlp
[rlp-issues-badge]: https://img.shields.io/github/issues/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/package:%20rlp?label=issues
[rlp-issues-link]: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A"package%3A+rlp"
[rlp-actions-badge]: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/workflows/rlp/badge.svg
[rlp-actions-link]: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/actions?query=workflow%3A%22rlp%22
[rlp-coverage-badge]: https://codecov.io/gh/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?flag=rlp
[rlp-coverage-link]: https://codecov.io/gh/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/tree/master/packages/rlp

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