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Просмотр файла: poseidon.ts
/**
* Implements [Poseidon](https://www.poseidon-hash.info) ZK-friendly hash.
*
* There are many poseidon variants with different constants.
* We don't provide them: you should construct them manually.
* Check out [micro-starknet](https://github.com/paulmillr/micro-starknet) package for a proper example.
* @module
*/
/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
import { _validateObject, bitGet } from '../utils.ts';
import { FpInvertBatch, FpPow, type IField, validateField } from './modular.ts';
// Grain LFSR (Linear-Feedback Shift Register): https://eprint.iacr.org/2009/109.pdf
function grainLFSR(state: number[]): () => boolean {
let pos = 0;
if (state.length !== 80) throw new Error('grainLFRS: wrong state length, should be 80 bits');
const getBit = (): boolean => {
const r = (offset: number) => state[(pos + offset) % 80];
const bit = r(62) ^ r(51) ^ r(38) ^ r(23) ^ r(13) ^ r(0);
state[pos] = bit;
pos = ++pos % 80;
return !!bit;
};
for (let i = 0; i < 160; i++) getBit();
return () => {
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinking_generator
while (true) {
const b1 = getBit();
const b2 = getBit();
if (!b1) continue;
return b2;
}
};
}
export type PoseidonBasicOpts = {
Fp: IField<bigint>;
t: number; // t = rate + capacity
roundsFull: number;
roundsPartial: number;
isSboxInverse?: boolean;
};
function assertValidPosOpts(opts: PoseidonBasicOpts) {
const { Fp, roundsFull } = opts;
validateField(Fp);
_validateObject(
opts,
{
t: 'number',
roundsFull: 'number',
roundsPartial: 'number',
},
{
isSboxInverse: 'boolean',
}
);
for (const i of ['t', 'roundsFull', 'roundsPartial'] as const) {
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(opts[i]) || opts[i] < 1) throw new Error('invalid number ' + i);
}
if (roundsFull & 1) throw new Error('roundsFull is not even' + roundsFull);
}
function poseidonGrain(opts: PoseidonBasicOpts) {
assertValidPosOpts(opts);
const { Fp } = opts;
const state = Array(80).fill(1);
let pos = 0;
const writeBits = (value: bigint, bitCount: number) => {
for (let i = bitCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) state[pos++] = Number(bitGet(value, i));
};
const _0n = BigInt(0);
const _1n = BigInt(1);
writeBits(_1n, 2); // prime field
writeBits(opts.isSboxInverse ? _1n : _0n, 4); // b2..b5
writeBits(BigInt(Fp.BITS), 12); // b6..b17
writeBits(BigInt(opts.t), 12); // b18..b29
writeBits(BigInt(opts.roundsFull), 10); // b30..b39
writeBits(BigInt(opts.roundsPartial), 10); // b40..b49
const getBit = grainLFSR(state);
return (count: number, reject: boolean): bigint[] => {
const res: bigint[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
while (true) {
let num = _0n;
for (let i = 0; i < Fp.BITS; i++) {
num <<= _1n;
if (getBit()) num |= _1n;
}
if (reject && num >= Fp.ORDER) continue; // rejection sampling
res.push(Fp.create(num));
break;
}
}
return res;
};
}
export type PoseidonGrainOpts = PoseidonBasicOpts & {
sboxPower?: number;
};
type PoseidonConstants = { mds: bigint[][]; roundConstants: bigint[][] };
// NOTE: this is not standard but used often for constant generation for poseidon
// (grain LFRS-like structure)
export function grainGenConstants(opts: PoseidonGrainOpts, skipMDS: number = 0): PoseidonConstants {
const { Fp, t, roundsFull, roundsPartial } = opts;
const rounds = roundsFull + roundsPartial;
const sample = poseidonGrain(opts);
const roundConstants: bigint[][] = [];
for (let r = 0; r < rounds; r++) roundConstants.push(sample(t, true));
if (skipMDS > 0) for (let i = 0; i < skipMDS; i++) sample(2 * t, false);
const xs = sample(t, false);
const ys = sample(t, false);
// Construct MDS Matrix M[i][j] = 1 / (xs[i] + ys[j])
const mds: bigint[][] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < t; i++) {
const row: bigint[] = [];
for (let j = 0; j < t; j++) {
const xy = Fp.add(xs[i], ys[j]);
if (Fp.is0(xy))
throw new Error(`Error generating MDS matrix: xs[${i}] + ys[${j}] resulted in zero.`);
row.push(xy);
}
mds.push(FpInvertBatch(Fp, row));
}
return { roundConstants, mds };
}
export type PoseidonOpts = PoseidonBasicOpts &
PoseidonConstants & {
sboxPower?: number;
reversePartialPowIdx?: boolean; // Hack for stark
};
export function validateOpts(opts: PoseidonOpts): Readonly<{
rounds: number;
sboxFn: (n: bigint) => bigint;
roundConstants: bigint[][];
mds: bigint[][];
Fp: IField<bigint>;
t: number;
roundsFull: number;
roundsPartial: number;
sboxPower?: number;
reversePartialPowIdx?: boolean; // Hack for stark
}> {
assertValidPosOpts(opts);
const { Fp, mds, reversePartialPowIdx: rev, roundConstants: rc } = opts;
const { roundsFull, roundsPartial, sboxPower, t } = opts;
// MDS is TxT matrix
if (!Array.isArray(mds) || mds.length !== t) throw new Error('Poseidon: invalid MDS matrix');
const _mds = mds.map((mdsRow) => {
if (!Array.isArray(mdsRow) || mdsRow.length !== t)
throw new Error('invalid MDS matrix row: ' + mdsRow);
return mdsRow.map((i) => {
if (typeof i !== 'bigint') throw new Error('invalid MDS matrix bigint: ' + i);
return Fp.create(i);
});
});
if (rev !== undefined && typeof rev !== 'boolean')
throw new Error('invalid param reversePartialPowIdx=' + rev);
if (roundsFull & 1) throw new Error('roundsFull is not even' + roundsFull);
const rounds = roundsFull + roundsPartial;
if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== rounds)
throw new Error('Poseidon: invalid round constants');
const roundConstants = rc.map((rc) => {
if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length !== t) throw new Error('invalid round constants');
return rc.map((i) => {
if (typeof i !== 'bigint' || !Fp.isValid(i)) throw new Error('invalid round constant');
return Fp.create(i);
});
});
if (!sboxPower || ![3, 5, 7, 17].includes(sboxPower)) throw new Error('invalid sboxPower');
const _sboxPower = BigInt(sboxPower);
let sboxFn = (n: bigint) => FpPow(Fp, n, _sboxPower);
// Unwrapped sbox power for common cases (195->142μs)
if (sboxPower === 3) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(n), n);
else if (sboxPower === 5) sboxFn = (n: bigint) => Fp.mul(Fp.sqrN(Fp.sqrN(n)), n);
return Object.freeze({ ...opts, rounds, sboxFn, roundConstants, mds: _mds });
}
export function splitConstants(rc: bigint[], t: number): bigint[][] {
if (typeof t !== 'number') throw new Error('poseidonSplitConstants: invalid t');
if (!Array.isArray(rc) || rc.length % t) throw new Error('poseidonSplitConstants: invalid rc');
const res = [];
let tmp = [];
for (let i = 0; i < rc.length; i++) {
tmp.push(rc[i]);
if (tmp.length === t) {
res.push(tmp);
tmp = [];
}
}
return res;
}
export type PoseidonFn = {
(values: bigint[]): bigint[];
// For verification in tests
roundConstants: bigint[][];
};
/** Poseidon NTT-friendly hash. */
export function poseidon(opts: PoseidonOpts): PoseidonFn {
const _opts = validateOpts(opts);
const { Fp, mds, roundConstants, rounds: totalRounds, roundsPartial, sboxFn, t } = _opts;
const halfRoundsFull = _opts.roundsFull / 2;
const partialIdx = _opts.reversePartialPowIdx ? t - 1 : 0;
const poseidonRound = (values: bigint[], isFull: boolean, idx: number) => {
values = values.map((i, j) => Fp.add(i, roundConstants[idx][j]));
if (isFull) values = values.map((i) => sboxFn(i));
else values[partialIdx] = sboxFn(values[partialIdx]);
// Matrix multiplication
values = mds.map((i) => i.reduce((acc, i, j) => Fp.add(acc, Fp.mulN(i, values[j])), Fp.ZERO));
return values;
};
const poseidonHash = function poseidonHash(values: bigint[]) {
if (!Array.isArray(values) || values.length !== t)
throw new Error('invalid values, expected array of bigints with length ' + t);
values = values.map((i) => {
if (typeof i !== 'bigint') throw new Error('invalid bigint=' + i);
return Fp.create(i);
});
let lastRound = 0;
// Apply r_f/2 full rounds.
for (let i = 0; i < halfRoundsFull; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, true, lastRound++);
// Apply r_p partial rounds.
for (let i = 0; i < roundsPartial; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, false, lastRound++);
// Apply r_f/2 full rounds.
for (let i = 0; i < halfRoundsFull; i++) values = poseidonRound(values, true, lastRound++);
if (lastRound !== totalRounds) throw new Error('invalid number of rounds');
return values;
};
// For verification in tests
poseidonHash.roundConstants = roundConstants;
return poseidonHash;
}
export class PoseidonSponge {
private Fp: IField<bigint>;
readonly rate: number;
readonly capacity: number;
readonly hash: PoseidonFn;
private state: bigint[]; // [...capacity, ...rate]
private pos = 0;
private isAbsorbing = true;
constructor(Fp: IField<bigint>, rate: number, capacity: number, hash: PoseidonFn) {
this.Fp = Fp;
this.hash = hash;
this.rate = rate;
this.capacity = capacity;
this.state = new Array(rate + capacity);
this.clean();
}
private process(): void {
this.state = this.hash(this.state);
}
absorb(input: bigint[]): void {
for (const i of input)
if (typeof i !== 'bigint' || !this.Fp.isValid(i)) throw new Error('invalid input: ' + i);
for (let i = 0; i < input.length; ) {
if (!this.isAbsorbing || this.pos === this.rate) {
this.process();
this.pos = 0;
this.isAbsorbing = true;
}
const chunk = Math.min(this.rate - this.pos, input.length - i);
for (let j = 0; j < chunk; j++) {
const idx = this.capacity + this.pos++;
this.state[idx] = this.Fp.add(this.state[idx], input[i++]);
}
}
}
squeeze(count: number): bigint[] {
const res: bigint[] = [];
while (res.length < count) {
if (this.isAbsorbing || this.pos === this.rate) {
this.process();
this.pos = 0;
this.isAbsorbing = false;
}
const chunk = Math.min(this.rate - this.pos, count - res.length);
for (let i = 0; i < chunk; i++) res.push(this.state[this.capacity + this.pos++]);
}
return res;
}
clean(): void {
this.state.fill(this.Fp.ZERO);
this.isAbsorbing = true;
this.pos = 0;
}
clone(): PoseidonSponge {
const c = new PoseidonSponge(this.Fp, this.rate, this.capacity, this.hash);
c.pos = this.pos;
c.state = [...this.state];
return c;
}
}
export type PoseidonSpongeOpts = Omit<PoseidonOpts, 't'> & {
rate: number;
capacity: number;
};
/**
* The method is not defined in spec, but nevertheless used often.
* Check carefully for compatibility: there are many edge cases, like absorbing an empty array.
* We cross-test against:
* - https://github.com/ProvableHQ/snarkVM/tree/staging/algorithms
* - https://github.com/arkworks-rs/crypto-primitives/tree/main
*/
export function poseidonSponge(opts: PoseidonSpongeOpts): () => PoseidonSponge {
for (const i of ['rate', 'capacity'] as const) {
if (typeof opts[i] !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(opts[i]))
throw new Error('invalid number ' + i);
}
const { rate, capacity } = opts;
const t = opts.rate + opts.capacity;
// Re-use hash instance between multiple instances
const hash = poseidon({ ...opts, t });
const { Fp } = opts;
return () => new PoseidonSponge(Fp, rate, capacity, hash);
}
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